<text>The Bar Code Book, Roger C. Palmer ISBN 0-1911261-02-8 Helmer's Publishing, Inc. 174 Concord Street Peterborough, New Hampshire 03458Bar Code Symbology, David C. Allais Intermec Corporation 4405 Russel Road, P. O. Box 360602 Lynnwood, Washington 98046-9702Reading Between the Lines, Craig K. Harmon and Russ Adams Helmer's Publishing, Inc. 174 Concord Street Peterborough, New Hampshire 03458 I wish to thank the Intermec Corporation for their assistance and suggest that if you need a REALLY great hand-held bar code reader for industrial applications, check out their Trakker 9440 and 9445 units... awesome.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_17465.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style3">lessey Code</span><span class="style1">Plessey is a BCD Code variant developed by the Plessey Corp of England in 1971. It was used almost exclusively used in libraries.</span><span class="style3">Anker Code</span><span class="style1">This code is a variation of Plessey by the ADS Corp and was used in Europe before the introduction of EAN for the labelling or retail goods.</span><span class="style3">MSI Bar Code</span><span class="style1">Developed by the MSI Data Corporation, this code is also a variation of the Plessey code and is used primarily for retail shelf labels for inventory reordering. </span><span class="style3">Two of Five Matrix</span><span class="style1">Developed by Nieaf Company, this is a variation of Code 11.</span><span class="style3">Nixdorf Code</span><span class="style1">This code was used almost solely by the Nixdorf Company for European point of sales systems. It is being replaced by EAN.</span><span class="style3">Delta Distance A</span><span class="style1">This is a code developed by IBM and encodes information in the lengths of the spaces between the equal sized bars. This is used solely by IBM.</span><span class="style3">Ames Code</span><span class="style1">This code is used on medical file folders which conform to the Ames Colour File System developed by the Ames Colour File Corporation.</span><span class="style3">Telepen</span><span class="style1">Telepen was intended as direct competition against exisiting systems such as Code 39 and was developed by S. B. Electronics, an English firm. It uses a variable number of modules per symbol with two widths.</span><span class="style3">Code 49</span><span class="style1">This code, developed by Intermec Corp, attempts to increase character density by encoding 6 characters, a check digit and a control digit in 70 modules per row and upto eight rows per symbol for a total of 48 characters (actually, 49 characters can be stored). In this system, there are 2400 possible symbols in two parities for a total of 4800 symbols. It also uses a very complex checksum and control system. The generated symbol is usually small enough to print on an IC and can be scanned in any order within a symbol.</span><span class="style3">Softstrip</span><span class="style1">This system was developed as a data/program distribution system by the Cauzin Corp and was based on a special reader which they marketted. It was hoped that magazines would print programs associated with articles in this format to allow the reader to scan the program into their personal computer.A similar approach was tried several year earlier using a simpler bar code representation of the data.</span></text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_9414.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>EAN (European Article Numbering System) is based on the UPC-A coding system with no extensions. The first two digits are flag digits which contain information about the country of the product and the last digit is a check digit. The remaining information specifies the product.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_9076.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>This is an extension of UPC-A using UPC-E for additional information. The first five digits encode the publisher, the next five digits encode the book price (local funds) in cents with leading zeros. The extension contains the book number from the ISBN (International Standard Book Number). This plus the publisher number in the first five digits uniquely identifies the book.The extension uses the UPC-E digit coding with the following parity: even - odd - odd - even - odd.Each character code save the last is followed by the guard character shown above.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_8766.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>This is an extension to the standard UPC-E code and starts with the regular UPC-E coding for the product, in this case a magazine, followed by the date start code and a two digit code for the month from 01 - 12 or for the week from 01 to 52 for weekly publications.The first digit of the date is in odd parity and the second, even.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_7416.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>This symbol system is similar to full UPC and uses virtually the same characters. The only difference is that the characters all have the same directional orientation, so the "odd parity" characters are mirror reversed versions of the "Right" digits of the full UPC system.In UPC-E, there are six digits, the first five of which are a compressed form of the full UPC code and the last, a compression code. Each digit may be either even or odd and the pattern of even and odd digits constitutes the check information.The standard check pattern is even - even - odd - odd - even - odd.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_6594.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style1">his is the standard coding system for commercial retail product bar codes. Each symbol consists of ten digits, the first being the coding system number (0 in this case), five digits of manufacturer's code, five more digits of product specific code and a single check digit.The check digit is calculated by taking each digit and multiplying it by a weight, 3 for the first, 1 for second, 3 for the third and so on. The resulting numbers are added up and then the modulo 10 value of it is taken and is subtracted from 10. This number is the check digit.For example, if the symbol encodes the number "1234556789" then check digit is computed as follows:</span><span class="style4"> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 3 2 9 4 15 6 21 8 27 = 95 10 - (95 modulo 10) = 5 (10 goes into 95, 9 times with a remainder of 5).</span><span class="style1"> So the final symbol will encode the number "1234567895".</span></text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_5706.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>The UPC/EAN Systems (Universal Product Code/European Article Numbering) use the same bar code representation, but with different number of characters in each coding system. The characters are seven cells wide with two white and two black bars in each of variable width from one to four cells. A five cell guard character is used at either end and in the middle to indicate parity switch. Further information follows on the next four cards.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_12451.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Postnet for envelopes has specific requirements for positioning as shown above. A future version of Postnet will include two more digits (ZIP+6) and will allos more flexibility in positions including the ability to print the code smaller and within the normal area of a printed adhesive address label.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_12179.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style1">his system is in use in the USA by their postal system as a way to encode ZIP+4 postal codes. Each symbol contains five light and dark bars of equal width. Unlike other bar code systems, it is the length, not the width, which encodes the information. A short bar is a zero and a long bar a one. The long bar should be about three times the length of the short one. The five dark bars represent 7, 4, 2, 1 and parity. Each symbol has two and only two long bars with the parity bar being used to adjust the number. The only exception to the rule is zero which is represented as 11 (7+4).The check digit for this is a simple modulo sum. Take all the digits in the number and add them up. Divide this number by ten and keep the remainder. Subtract the remainder from 10 and that is the check digit.This code was also used for a time by publishers to encode ISBN information for a book in a more easily read format than the book UPC code (see card in this stack). You can find this on the inside cover of some book and it contains the ISBN number followed by the price in cents with leading zeros upto 99999 ($999.99). For example: a book with an ISBN of 0-812-53281-3 and a price of $2.95 would have this printed on the inside front cover:</span><span class="style4"> >>$2.95ISBN 0-812-53281-3with the Postnet code for the number 0812532813002951 (0-812-53281-3 2.95 check digit of 1).</span></text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_18037.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style1"> Code Code Code</span><span class="style9">Seq Pattern A B C</span><span class="style1">000 11011001100 Sp Sp 00001 11001101100 ! ! 01002 11001100110 " " 02003 10011011000 # # 03004 10010001100 $ $ 04005 10001001100 % % 05006 10011001000 & & 06007 10011000100 ' ' 07008 10001100100 ( ( 08009 11001001000 ) ) 09010 11001000100 * * 10011 11000100100 + + 11012 10110011100 , , 12013 10011011100 - - 13014 10011001110 . . 14015 10111001100 / / 15016 10011101100 0 0 16017 10011100110 1 1 17018 11001110010 2 2 18019 11001011100 3 3 19020 11001001110 4 4 20021 11011100100 5 5 21022 11001110100 6 6 22023 11101101110 7 7 23024 11101001100 8 8 24025 11100101100 9 9 25026 11100100110 : : 26027 11101100100 ; ; 27028 11100110100 < < 28029 11100110010 = = 29030 11011011000 > > 30031 11011000110 ? ? 31032 11000110110 @ @ 32033 10100011000 A A 33034 10001011000 B B 34035 10001000110 C C 35036 10110001000 D D 36037 10001101000 E E 37038 10001100010 F F 38039 11010001000 G G 39040 11000101000 H H 40041 11000100010 I I 41042 10110111000 J J 42043 10110001110 K K 43044 10001101110 L L 44045 10111011000 M M 45046 10111000110 N N 46047 10001110110 O O 47048 11101110110 P P 48049 11010001110 Q Q 49050 11000101110 R R 50051 11011101000 S S 51052 11011100010 T T 52053 11011101110 U U 53054 11101011000 V V 54055 11101000110 W W 55056 11100010110 X X 56057 11101101000 Y Y 57058 11101100010 Z Z 58059 11100011010 [ [ 59060 11101111010 \ \ 60061 11001000010 ] ] 61062 11110001010 62063 10100110000 _ _ 63064 10100001100 NUL ` 64065 10010110000 SOH a 65066 10010000110 STX b 66067 10000101100 ETX c 67068 10000100110 EOT d 68069 10110010000 ENQ e 69070 10110000100 ACK f 70071 10011010000 BEL g 71072 10011000010 BS h 72073 10000110100 HT i 73074 10000110010 LF j 74075 11000010010 VT k 75076 11001010000 FF l 76077 11110111010 CR m 77078 11000010100 SO n 78079 10001111010 SI o 79080 10100111100 DLE p 80081 10010111100 DC1 q 81082 10010011110 DC2 r 82083 10111100100 DC3 s 83084 10011110100 DC4 t 84085 10011110010 NAK u 85086 11110100100 SYN v 86087 11110010100 ETB w 87088 11110010010 CAN x 88089 11011011110 EM y 89090 11011110110 SUB z 90091 11110110110 ESC { 91092 10101111000 FS | 92093 10100011110 GS } 93094 10001011110 RS ~ 94095 10111101000 US DEL 95096 10111100010 FNC3 FNC3 96097 11110101000 FNC2 FNC2 97098 11110100010 SHFT SHFT 98099 10111011110 GO-C GO-C 99100 10111101110 GO-B FNC4 GO-B101 11101011110 FNC4 GO-A GO-A102 11110101110 FNC1 FNC1 FNC1103 11010000100 START A104 11010010000 START B105 11010011100 START CSTOP 11000111010 STOP</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>6</id>
<text><span class="style1">ode 128 is a system designed to represent the entire ASCII code. Due to the code size (107 symbols) no pictoral representation is included here. However, to convert the pattern into a symbol, represent a 1 as a dark bar and a 0 as a light bar. Each bar is of equal width.The first column is the code value and is used in determining the checksum. The second column is the pattern which represents the bar code symbol. The next three represent the three possible interpretations for the code.There are three possible start codes which determine which of the three code systems to use. The codes GO-A, GO-B and GO-C tell the reader to switch to one of the other systems. SHFT switches from A to B if the reader is in Code A, or from B to A if in Code B. SHFT does not exist in Code C. FNC1, FNC3 and FNC4 are reserved for reader specific functions while FNC2 is used to allow the reader to concatenate multiple bar symbols. If the symbol contains an FNC2 character, the text of the symbol containing the FNC2 is appended to the previously read symbol.The check digit is computed by adding the numeric value for each character in the bar code then divide that number by 103 and use the remainder to lookup the character for the check digit.This coding system uses a weighted checksum. Starting with the left most digit, the value of the character (found inthe first column) is multiplied by the numberfor the position (ie: starting with one and counting up) and then added up. This sum is then divided by 103 and the remainder is used as a check digit called the </span><span class="style3">C</span><span class="style1"> check digit.For example:</span><span class="style4"> C O D E sp 1 2 8 </span><span class="style6"> C</span><span class="style4"> 35 47 36 37 00 17 18 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 35 94 108 148 0 102 126 192 = 805 √∑ 103 = 7 rem 84 = "t"The final code is: CODE 128tNote that "t" is also "DC4" and "84" depending on which start code is selected.</span></text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_15403.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>NUL - %°U DLE - $°P SP - SP 0 - 0 @ - %°V P - P ` - %°W p - +°P SOH - $°A DC1 - $°Q ! - /°A 1 - 1 A - A Q - W a - +°A q - +°QSTX - $°B DC2 - $°R " - /°B 2 - 2 B - B R - R b - +°B r - +°RETX - $°C DC3 - $°S # - /°C 3 - 3 C - C S - S c - +°C s - +°SEOT - $°D DC4 - $°T $ - $ 4 - 4 D - D T - T d - +°D t - +°TENQ - $°E NAK - $°U % - % 5 - 5 E - E U - U e - +°E u - +°UACK - $°F SYN - $°V & - /°F 6 - 6 F - F V - V f - +°F v - +°VBEL - $°G ETB - $°W ' - /°G 7 - 7 G - G W - W g - +°G w - +°WBS - $°H CAN - $°X ( - /°H 8 - 8 H - H X - X h - +°H x - +°XHT - $°I EM - $°Y ) - /°I 9 - 9 I - I Y - Y i - +°I y - +°YLF - $°J SUB - $°Z * - /°J : - /°Z J - J Z - Z j - +°J z - +°ZVT - $°K ESC - %°A + - + ; - %°F K - K [ - %°K k - +°K { - %°PFF - $°L FS - %°B , - /°L < - %°G L - L \ - %°L l - +°L | - %°QCR - $°M GS - %°C - - - = - %°H M - M ] - %°M m - +°M } - %°RSO - $°N RS - %°D . - . > - %°I N - N ^ - %°N n - +°N ~ - %°SSI - $°O US - %°E / - / ? - %°J O - O _ - %°O o - +°O DEL- %°T</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_15356.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style5"> 0 A 10 K 20 U 30 / 401 1 B 11 L 21 V 31 + 412 2 C 12 M 22 W 32 % 423 3 D 13 N 23 X 33 $° 434 4 E 14 O 24 Y 34 %° 445 5 F 15 P 25 Z 35 /° 456 6 G 16 Q 26 - 36 +° 467 7 H 17 R 27 . 378 8 I 18 S 28 SP 38 No code9 9 J 19 T 29 $ 39</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>6</id>
<text>This table shows the numeric values for each character representable in Code 93. It is a text field and can be selected and copied for your use.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_5119.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style1">ode 93 was developed as a more compact version of Code 39 and shares much in common with it. Each symbol is 9 cells wide containing 3 bars and 3 spaces. The </span><span class="style4"> character is the start and stop character.</span><span class="style1">This coding system uses a weighted checksum. Starting with the right most digit, the value of the symbol is multiplied but the numbers 1 through 20, repeated as needed, and then added up. This sum is then divided by 47 and the remainder is used as a check digit called the </span><span class="style3">C</span><span class="style1"> check digit.. For additional security, the same process is applied again to the data and the check digit using the numbers 1 through 15 instead of 1 through 20 to create a second check digit called the </span><span class="style3">K</span><span class="style1"> digit.For example:</span><span class="style4"> C O D E sp 9 3 </span><span class="style6">C</span><span class="style4"> </span><span class="style6">K</span><span class="style4"> 12 24 13 14 38 9 3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 84 144 65 56 114 18 3 = 484 √∑ 47 = 10 rem 14 = "E" C O D E sp 9 3 E </span><span class="style6">K</span><span class="style4"> 12 24 13 14 38 9 3 14 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 96 168 78 70 152 27 6 14 = 611 √∑ 47 = 13 rem 0 = "0"Final code is: CODE 93E0</span></text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_15990.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>NUL - %U DLE - $P SP - SP 0 - 0 @ - %V P - P ` - %W p - +P SOH - $A DC1 - $Q ! - /A 1 - 1 A - A Q - Q a - +A q - +QSTX - $B DC2 - $R " - /B 2 - 2 B - B R - R b - +B r - +RETX - $C DC3 - $S # - /C 3 - 3 C - C S - S c - +C s - +SEOT - $D DC4 - $T $ - /D 4 - 4 D - D T - T d - +D t - +TENQ - $E NAK - $U % - /E 5 - 5 E - E U - U e - +E u - +UACK - $F SYN - $V & - /F 6 - 6 F - F V - V f - +F v - +VBEL - $G ETB - $W ' - /G 7 - 7 G - G W - W g - +G w - +WBS - $H CAN - $X ( - /H 8 - 8 H - H X - X h - +H x - +XHT - $I EM - $Y ) - /I 9 - 9 I - I Y - Y i - +I y - +YLF - $J SUB - $Z * - /J : - /Z J - J Z - Z j - +J z - +ZVT - $K ESC - %A + - /K ; - %F K - K [ - %K k - +K { - %PFF - $L FS - %B , - /L < - %G L - L \ - %L l - +L | - %QCR - $M GS - %C - - - = - %H M - M ] - %M m - +M } - %RSO - $N RS - %D . - . > - %I N - N ^ - %N n - +N ~ - %SSI - $O US - %E / - /O ? - %J O - O _ - %O o - +O DEL- %T</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_16432.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style5"> 0 A 10 K 20 U 30 / 401 1 B 11 L 21 V 31 + 412 2 C 12 M 22 W 32 % 423 3 D 13 N 23 X 334 4 E 14 O 24 Y 345 5 F 15 P 25 Z 35 * No code6 6 G 16 Q 26 - 367 7 H 17 R 27 . 378 8 I 18 S 28 SP 389 9 J 19 T 29 $ 39</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>6</id>
<text>This table shows the numeric values for each character representable in Code 39. It is a text field and can be selected and copied for your use.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_4613.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Code 39 is a self-checking 12 cell wide system in which each character contains a total of five black and four white bars, three of which will be wide and six narrow (three wide of nine bars, thus the name Code 39). Each character is separated by one narrow white bar, where a wide bar is between two and three times the width of a narrow bar.The * character is reserved for the start and end character and a check digit is optional.To compute the standard checksum, assign the numbers 0 to 42 to the characters in the above chart starting with the character "0", "1" and so on through to "%" which is 42. The "*" symbol is not included in the calculation and has no corresponding number. See the next card for a table showing the number/character assignments.Add up the numbers which represents the characters in the text being encoded and then find the remainder after division by 43 (modulo 43). The character which has this number associated with it is the check character.For example, the string "CHECK" will generate the following check character: CHECK = 12 + 17 + 14 + 12 + 20 = 75 75 modulo 43 = 32 = WSo the final text to be coded will be "CHECKW", or with the start and stop characters, "*CHECKW*".A special coding mechanism is defined such that if the first character in a symbol is a space character (SP), the remainder of the symbol is appended to the last symbol read. Multiple symbols may be appended in this manner to the storage limit of the reader.</text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_13586.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style1">ach symbol consists of three dark and light bars of three widths - 0.0075, 0.0168 and 0.0261 inches. Unfortunately, these three widths are not exact multiples of the smallest width which makes coding and printing more complex. The examples above do not meet the width tolerances and could not be read with a Code 11 reader. The correct sequences are:</span><span class="style4">0 - AAAACA 1 - BAAABA 2 - ABAABA 3 - BBAAAA 4 - AABABA 5 - BABAAA6 - ABBAAA 7 - AAABBA 8 - BAABAA 9 - CAAAAA - - AACAAA ∆ - AABBAA</span><span class="style1">where each group of six represents BSBSBS (B:bar, S:Space) and the letter represents the width (A:0.0075" B:0.0168" C:0.0261").The ∆ symbol is the start/stop character and is not used to code data.This coding system uses a weighted checksum. Starting with the right most digit, the value of the digit (10 for "-") is multiplied by the numbers 1 through 10, repeated as needed, and then added up. This sum is then divided by 11 and the remainder is used as a check digit called the </span><span class="style3">C</span><span class="style1"> check digit. For additional security, the same process can be applied again to the data and the check digitusing the numbers 1 through 9 instead of 1 to 10 to create a second check digit called the </span><span class="style3">K</span><span class="style1"> digit.For example:</span><span class="style4">1 2 - 1 2 3 4 5 - 6 7 8 9 0 C K4 3 2 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 6 20 1 20 28 32 35 60 30 28 24 18 0 = 305÷11 = 27 rem 81 2 - 1 2 3 4 5 - 6 7 8 9 0 8 K6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 16 10 40 3 4 3 36 40 70 36 35 32 27 0 8 = 350÷11 = 31 rem 9Final code is:1 2 - 1 2 3 4 5 - 6 7 8 9 0 8 9</span><span class="style1">The text for the code should be printed below the bar code including the ∆ symbol. Two sizes of printing is used to block the data into meaningful groups. If one check digit is used, the stop ∆ character should be printed small. If two check digits are used, it should be printed large. Unfortunately, there is no way for the reader to detect which system is being used other than to compute both systems and see if one matches. Since the likelihood of either happening by pure chance is low, the system works.</span></text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_3710.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Each character cell is 11 cells wide with four black and three white bars in two widths with a single narrow white bar as a character separator. The last eight characters : / . + A B C and D are 13 bars wide, but otherwise conform. The A B C and D characters are begin or end marks and any combination of these four, except those which use the same character for start and end, and may be used to add a level of coding.Codabar is a self-checking system and as such, needs no check digit.ABC Codabar, used for blood bank coding, specifies that if a symbol ends in a D character, and if the next symbol starts with a D character and is within 0.75 inches, the two symbols are decoded and merged as one symbol.The version of Codabar described here is known as "Rationalised Codabar" as opposed to "Traditional Codabar" which employed varying bars in eighteen widths. The "Rationalised" version replaces these with two widths, with the wide bar being between two and three times the width of the narrow. </text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_2093.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style1">nterleaved 2 of 5 uses the same bar codes as Code 2 of 5, but takes the digits in pairs and codes the first digit using the bars, and the second using the spaces. This system adds a check digit and must total an even number of digits including the check digit. Interleaved 2 of 5 suffers from the weakness that if a scan should be done at an angle, it is possible to leave the symbol and yet still have a valid code. There are two solutions to this, put </span><span class="style3">bearer-bars</span><span class="style1"> on the top and bottom the symbol, and to add the check digit.The check digit is calculated by taking each digit and multiplying it by a weight, 3 for the first, 1 for the second, 3 for the third and so on. The resulting numbers are added up and then the modulo 10 value of it is taken. This number is the check digit.For example, if the symbol encodes the number "12345" then check digit is computed as follows:</span><span class="style4"> 1 2 3 4 5 3 1 3 1 3 3 2 9 4 15 = 33 33 modulo 10 = 3 (10 goes into 33, 3 times with a remainder of 3).</span><span class="style1"> So the final symbol will encode the number "123453".</span></text>
</content>
<name></name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_9768.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>This is a more sophisticated coding system which includes more self-checking. Each character consists of five black cells of two widths, separated by narrow white bars. The wide bars are twice the width of the narrow bars.</text>
</content>
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card_7619.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>This is by far the simplest bar code there is. Basically, each character is composed of 12 cells which contain four bars of three cells each. Every bar starts with a black cell, ends with a white cell and contains a black middle cell for a 1 and a white middle cell for 0. The number is encoded in simple four bit binary. There may be as many digits as needed with a single check digit as the last digit in the string. This code is also known as "pulse width modulated" or "pulse code modulated" code. Two commonly used versions are Plessey Code and MSI Code. This code is widely used for store inventory labelling and some internal product coding.</text>
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card_14721.xml
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<text>This was the first widely used bar code system ever. A plaque bearing these codes would be attached to the side of a railway car. While they aren't in use any more, they can still be seen on older train cars.The first five digits identify the type of train car (01102 means "box car") while the last five digits identify the specific car.The checksum seems to be the sum of the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th digits modulo 10 less 1, but this is based on experimentation and is probably wrong. I may also be wrong about the code for "9".</text>
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card_14428.xml
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<text><span class="style1">hile one might not think of Morse code as a bar code system, it shares much in common with the more traditional bar code systems and when a ticker repeater is used, it is even written as a pattern of narrow and wide bars.The dash is optimally three times the length of the dot and the spacing between dots and dashes should be one dot width. Characters are separated by three dot width and words by five.Also, there are a number of two letter groups which are run together with only a single dot space. Each of these aer used as a form of shorthand to speed up transmissions. They are:</span><span class="style6">AS</span><span class="style4"> Wait </span><span class="style6">AR</span><span class="style4"> End of message </span><span class="style6">K </span><span class="style4"> Over </span><span class="style6">SK</span><span class="style4"> Out</span><span class="style6">UD</span><span class="style4"> Repeat </span><span class="style6">BT</span><span class="style4"> Break </span><span class="style6">DE</span><span class="style4"> From </span><span class="style6">II</span><span class="style4"> Space</span><span class="style6">AA</span><span class="style4"> Ship's general call </span><span class="style6"> </span><span class="style4"> </span><span class="style6">CQ</span><span class="style4"> Radio general callAs well as the above, which is the International Morse Code, there are specific variations for Cyrillic (Russian) and Katakana (Japanese).</span></text>
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card_10962.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style3">ell/Module</span><span class="style1">Every bar code symbol is made up of a series of light and dark bars of varying width. In most systems, there is a narrowest width of a light or dark bar and all other widths are integer multiples of that narrowest bar. This narrowest bar is called the </span><span class="style3">cell </span><span class="style1">or</span><span class="style3"> module.Check Digit</span><span class="style1">Some bar coding systems are self-checking, that is, enough extra information is built into the actual pattern of light and dark bars to allow a scanner to catch a badly formed character. However, some only offer limited amounts of protection against errors, others offer little or none.To ensure error-free reading of bar codes symbols, each character is translated into a number and then processed using a process which creates a new character which is placed at the end of the symbol. When the symbol is read, the same process is done to the characters being read and a comparison is made against the check character, also read in. If any character is incorrectly read, the two values won't match and the symbol can be rejected and reread.</span><span class="style3">Character</span><span class="style1">Every bar code system translates a set of letters, numbers, punctuation or special symbols into a pattern of light and dark bars. Each group of bar which represents a single letter, number, etc. is called a character.</span><span class="style3">Start and Stop Character</span><span class="style1">Most bar code systems require a special symbol to identify when a symbol starts and ends. Moreover, these symbols also identify the direction of the scan and may also include information about the coding used in the symbol or additional information of a more general nature.</span><span class="style3">Symbol</span><span class="style1">A collection of characters along with the appropriate start and end characters are known as a bar code symbol.</span><span class="style3">Modulo</span><span class="style1">This refers to the remainder after division of one number by another. For example, 345 modulo 10 is the remainder after dividing 345 by 10, which is 5. Most check digits systems are based on modulus division.</span></text>
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card_9650.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style1">ver wonder what those little bar code symbols </span><span class="style2">really</span><span class="style1"> mean?This stack contains information on most of the major bar code systems in current use. It explains the coding and the calculation of check digits as well as tolerances and usage.In short, a very simple bar code primer.While I haven't included every bar code system around, I have included most of the widely used ones and all the ones about which I could obtain information.If you know of others or have found errors, please feel free to send me the details and I'll add it or correct it.</span></text>
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card_2970.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
.iso/HyperCard/Business/Bar Codes/BMAP_8511.png){kind=link}
.iso/HyperCard/Business/Bar Codes/PATs.png){kind=link}